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Senna septemtrionalis

(Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby (1982)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Fabales Family: Fabaceae Genus: Senna

arsenic bush, kalamona, kolomona, senna

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Leafy shrubs or small trees 1–5(–6.5) m tall.

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves compound. Alternate. Leaflets 3–4(5) pairs, opposite, the distal ones larger, broadly ovate to lanceolate, (3.5–)4.5–10.5 cm long, (1.1–)s1.4–3.5 cm wide. Apex acuminate or caudate. Base obliquely rounded or cuneate. Leaflet surfaces glabrous; lower surfaces pale. Leaflet margins entire. Petiolate; petiolar nectaries between all pairs or all but the distal pair of leaflets, non contiguous to pulvinus, the lowest one 1–2 mm long. Stipules submembranous, narrowly lanceolate, 3–7 mm long, caducous.

Flowers: Flowers in racemes (1.5–)2.5–8 cm long. Flowers caesalpinaceous. Pedicels (12–)15–25 mm long, bracts submembranous, linear, lanceolate, or subulate, (1.5–)2–4.5 mm long, caducous as pedicels begin to elongate; bracteoles absent. Calyx lobes yellow green, yellowish brown, or completely yellow, the outer ones relatively firm, ovate–elliptic, 4–6.5 mm long, the inner ones submembranous, oblong–obovate or suborbicular, 6.5–10 mm long, lobes 5, imbricate. Corolla of 5 petals, bright yellow, the standard obovate to obovate–flabellate, deeply emarginate, the others obovate, the longest petal 12–16 mm long. Staminodes 3, obovate or suborbicular, (1.7–)2–2.6 mm long; filaments of 4 median Stamens 1.3–2.2 mm long, those of 2 abaxial Stamens dilated, ribbon-like, 7–10.5 mm long, that of abaxial central stamen 2–4 mm long, straight, shorter than to not more than twice as long as the anthers; fertile anthers, basifixed, usually modified into sets of 4 median and abaxial anthers. Ovary superior.

Fruit: Pods ascending on a stiff pedicel; chartaceous; cylindrical or obtusely quadrangular; 6–10.5 cm long; 0.8–1.1 cm wide; cavity moderately pulpy; divided into 2 parallel rows of cells. Seeds oriented with broad face to the septum; olive or brown; compressed–obovoid; 3.6–4.9 mm long; constricted at the hilum; smooth or minutely pitted; without an areole.

Ploidy: 2n = 28; 56

Habitat: Cultivated and naturalized primarily in dry; disturbed areas; but occasionally at higher elevations in pastures and even margins of wet forest.

Elevation Range: 150–1160 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Molokai Naturalized
Lana'i Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents

Water/Ocean
Other Animals
Forestry

Pollinators

Notes

  • Description digitized by Alyssa Larson
  • Description digitized from the Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii
  • escaped cultivation as early as 1871
  • low elevations, 150-1160 m

Bibliography

Name Published In: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 365 (1982)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:701 (K, O, Mo, M); Wagner & Herbst 1995:21 (H); Herbarium Pacificum Staff 1996:5 (L)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Senna septemtrionalis Kaaawa Kamokunui Ridge Mokuleia Dist., Oahu Preserved_Specimen 6' tall, in Psidium-Lantana Assn. Grant, M.L. 7000 Oahu BISH 1934-06-01
2 Senna septemtrionalis Mountains E end Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 277 Lanai BISH 1913-06-01
3 Senna septemtrionalis Koele Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 317 Lanai BISH 1913-10-19
4 Senna septemtrionalis Koolau Rnage, Waialae Nui ridge, about 12 plants in grassland, just above haole koa zone. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 2 m. high; bark smooth, light-brown. Egler, F.E. 3725 Oahu BISH 1937-05-26
5 Senna septemtrionalis Puuwaawaa; cattle paddock near the SE corner of the 1986 burn Preserved_Specimen shrub 6; height, common rangeland weed. Takeuchi, W.N. 5784 Hawaii BISH 1989-05-01
6 Senna septemtrionalis Kapua, Ohia Forest Preserved_Specimen small tree. Adee, K.T. Hawaii BISH
7 Senna septemtrionalis Kau District: Manuka, Mauka Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 11294 Hawaii BISH 1931-12-24
8 Senna septemtrionalis Koolau Range, Wailupe, Kului, frequent along stream Preserved_Specimen Scrambling on other trees, to 15 ft. high. Egler, F.E. 3769 Oahu BISH 1937-06-23
9 Senna septemtrionalis Kau district, Ainapo Ranch Preserved_Specimen Shrub with long, slender, arcuate branches. Flowers yellow. Growing in wet guava, Schinus, exotic shrub patch. Herbst, D.R. 5025 Hawaii BISH 1974-09-17
10 Senna septemtrionalis Kona Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 5025 Hawaii BISH 1974-09-17
11 Senna septemtrionalis N Kona, Puuwawwawaa, along Huehue pipe line trail, between water tanks 1-3 Preserved_Specimen Kondo, Y. 111.5 Hawaii BISH 1946-07-24
12 Senna septemtrionalis Mountains E end Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 277 Lanai BISH 1913-06-01
13 Senna septemtrionalis Kalihi Valley, Oahu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 12857 Oahu BISH 1917-08-01
14 Senna septemtrionalis Hanalei-Kalihika Ridge. Power Line Trail on slope Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10971 Kauai BISH 1931-01-02
15 Senna septemtrionalis Just above Waimano Homes, inside gate along jeep trail Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. Oahu BISH 1978-02-10
16 Senna septemtrionalis Kalihi Valley, Oahu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 12857 Oahu BISH 1917-08-01
17 Senna septemtrionalis Kamokunui Gulch, Mokuleia, Oahu Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 10873 Oahu BISH 1936-04-13
18 Senna septemtrionalis Kau District: Manuka, Mauka Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 11294 Hawaii BISH 1931-12-24
19 Senna septemtrionalis Maui Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1106 Maui BISH 1919-08-10
20 Senna septemtrionalis Koele Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 169 Lanai BISH 1913-10-19
21 Senna septemtrionalis East Maui, about 1 mile E of Ulupalakua Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 816 Maui BISH 1967-12-23
22 Senna septemtrionalis Puna, Kupaahu Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 3015 Hawaii BISH 1959-07-02
23 Senna septemtrionalis Kailua, Wayside Preserved_Specimen Christophersen, E. Oahu BISH 1924-06-20
24 Senna septemtrionalis Just above Waimano Homes, inside gate along jeep trail Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. Oahu BISH
25 Senna septemtrionalis Oahu Preserved_Specimen Oahu BISH
26 Senna septemtrionalis Iao Valley, Maui, T. Hawaii Preserved_Specimen Topping, D.L. 7290 Maui BISH 1927-08-02
27 Senna septemtrionalis Kaholuauauo, Kauai Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 13022 Kauai BISH 1916-10-01
28 Senna septemtrionalis In waste area Preserved_Specimen Shrubs to 1.5m tall, flowers yellow Oppenheimer, H.L. 112216 Lanai BISH 2022-11-30
29 Senna septemtrionalis Hualalai (Olma Tract, Kaloka Mauka) Ohia-fern mesic forest. Preserved_Specimen Engilis Jr., A. 20 Hawaii BISH 1987-08-17
30 Senna septemtrionalis Waimea District. Piwa Valley Exclosure, Koaie Canyon, Napili-Kona Forest Reserve Highly disturbed former dry forest Aleurites moluccana, Abutilon grandifolium, Mesosphaerum pectinatum, Hibiscus waimea subsp. waimeae, Lantana camara, Momordica charantia Preserved_Specimen Shrubs to 2.5 m tall, now common in open sunny areas that were formerly cleared within the Piwa exclosure. Flowers bright yellow, fruits green matruing black, splitting longtiduinally along top suture area was filled wih head high Ricinus ca. 8 months ago Williams, A. M. 848 Kauai BISH 2023-11-16
31 Senna septemtrionalis Kau District, Ainapo Ranch Near old ranch house. Eucalyptus and Solanum sodomeum also common in area. Preserved_Specimen Common small tree. Flowers gloden yellow. Height 6 to 15 ft. Davis, J. 559 Hawaii BISH 1981-07-01
32 Senna septemtrionalis Hanapepe River Valley, Hanapepe foor of canyon Preserved_Specimen Bush 8 ft. St.John, H. 13510 Kauai BISH 1933-12-23
33 Senna septemtrionalis East Maui, Hana District, Haleakala, Kaupo Gap, upper end of pasture land, moderately dry mod. dry situations at upper end of pasture land. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 4-6 ft. high; fl.yellow like mamani fl.; pod 3 x 3/8 in., straight. Olson, G.E. 24 Maui BISH 1936-12-09
34 Senna septemtrionalis Honuaula Forest Reserve, 4th St. trail. Wet shady cloud forest. Preserved_Specimen Uncommon, trees seen up to 4 m tall and many seedlings. Even pinnate. Faccenda, K. 3256 Hawaii BISH 2024-01-02
35 Senna septemtrionalis Kona Coast, Kaumalumalu with Metrosideros, Psychotria, Cibotium, Ilex, Perrottetia, Clermontia, Pipturus, Coprosma rhynchocarpa, Gouldia hillebrandii, Pittosporum, Cyrtandra, Rubus, Freycinetia, Cocculus, Smilax Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 1654 Hawaii BISH 1970-07-04
36 Senna septemtrionalis Puuwaawaa; cattle paddock, near the SE corner of the 1986 burn Rangeland. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 6' height. Weed. Takeuchi, W.N. 5784 Hawaii BISH 1989-05-01
37 Senna septemtrionalis Koolau Range, Wiliwilinui Ridge, Koko Head, found mountainwrad of koa haole zone. Preserved_Specimen Shrub m. tall; bark smooth, brownish; + los. in sunlight (no fl. or fr. on plant growing under Acacia confusa). Egler, F.E. 3728 Oahu BISH 1937-06-15
38 Senna septemtrionalis Koele Preserved_Specimen Small shrub. Munro, G.C. 393 Lanai BISH 1928-09-11
39 Senna septemtrionalis East Maui Preserved_Specimen 2 M much branched shrub. Hobdy, R.W. 2602 Maui BISH 1986-07-14
40 Senna septemtrionalis Puuhonua o Honaunau National Park Preserved_Specimen 0.5-0.75 m shrub, flower yellow Higashino, P.K. 10227 Hawaii BISH 1984-04-07
41 Senna septemtrionalis Peter Lee Rd., near Halfway House Preserved_Specimen shrub, flowers yellow Baldwin, P.H. 844 Hawaii BISH 1943-09-13
42 Senna septemtrionalis Lawai Valley. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden. Acc. #840670003 Preserved_Specimen Medicinal ARea. Shrub of four ft. Leaflets dard green above, grey-green, dull below. Petals bright yellow; stamens seven, filaments of longest two stamens bright yellow. Flynn, T.W. 3112 Kauai BISH 1988-08-29
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