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Senna septemtrionalis

(Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby (1982)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Fabales Family: Fabaceae Genus: Senna

kalamona, kolomona, senna

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Leafy shrubs or small trees 1–5(–6.5) m tall.

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves compound. Alternate. Leaflets 3–4(5) pairs, opposite, the distal ones larger, broadly ovate to lanceolate, (3.5–)4.5–10.5 cm long, (1.1–)s1.4–3.5 cm wide. Apex acuminate or caudate. Base obliquely rounded or cuneate. Leaflet surfaces glabrous; lower surfaces pale. Leaflet margins entire. Petiolate; petiolar nectaries between all pairs or all but the distal pair of leaflets, non contiguous to pulvinus, the lowest one 1–2 mm long. Stipules submembranous, narrowly lanceolate, 3–7 mm long, caducous.

Flowers: Flowers in racemes (1.5–)2.5–8 cm long. Flowers caesalpinaceous. Pedicels (12–)15–25 mm long, bracts submembranous, linear, lanceolate, or subulate, (1.5–)2–4.5 mm long, caducous as pedicels begin to elongate; bracteoles absent. Calyx lobes yellow green, yellowish brown, or completely yellow, the outer ones relatively firm, ovate–elliptic, 4–6.5 mm long, the inner ones submembranous, oblong–obovate or suborbicular, 6.5–10 mm long, lobes 5, imbricate. Corolla of 5 petals, bright yellow, the standard obovate to obovate–flabellate, deeply emarginate, the others obovate, the longest petal 12–16 mm long. Staminodes 3, obovate or suborbicular, (1.7–)2–2.6 mm long; filaments of 4 median Stamens 1.3–2.2 mm long, those of 2 abaxial Stamens dilated, ribbon-like, 7–10.5 mm long, that of abaxial central stamen 2–4 mm long, straight, shorter than to not more than twice as long as the anthers; fertile anthers, basifixed, usually modified into sets of 4 median and abaxial anthers. Ovary superior.

Fruit: Pods ascending on a stiff pedicel; chartaceous; cylindrical or obtusely quadrangular; 6–10.5 cm long; 0.8–1.1 cm wide; cavity moderately pulpy; divided into 2 parallel rows of cells. Seeds oriented with broad face to the septum; olive or brown; compressed–obovoid; 3.6–4.9 mm long; constricted at the hilum; smooth or minutely pitted; without an areole.

Ploidy: 2n = 28; 56

Habitat: Cultivated and naturalized primarily in dry; disturbed areas; but occasionally at higher elevations in pastures and even margins of wet forest.

Elevation Range: 150–1160 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Molokai Naturalized
Lana'i Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents

Water/Ocean
Other Animals
Forestry

Pollinators

Notes

  • Description digitized by Alyssa Larson
  • Description digitized from the Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii
  • escaped cultivation as early as 1871
  • low elevations, 150-1160 m

Bibliography

Name Published In: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 365 (1982)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:701 (K, O, Mo, M); Wagner & Herbst 1995:21 (H); Herbarium Pacificum Staff 1996:5 (L)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby koolau range, wiliwilinui ridge, koko head, found mountainwrad of "koa haole zone." PRESERVED_SPECIMEN egler, f.e. collector number: 37-28 Oahu BISH 6/15/1937
2 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Puuwaawaa; cattle paddock, near the SE corner of the 1986 burn Rangeland. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Takeuchi, W.N. Collector Number: 5784 Hawaii BISH 5/1/1989
3 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby kaaawa kamokunui ridge mokuleia dist., oahu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN grant, m.l. collector number: 7000 Oahu BISH 6/1/1934
4 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Kalihi Valley, Oahu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 12857 Oahu BISH 8/1/1917
5 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby hualalai (olma tract, kaloka mauka) Ohia-fern mesic forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN engilis jr., a. collector number: 20 Hawaii BISH 8/17/1987
6 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby iao valley, maui, t. hawaii PRESERVED_SPECIMEN topping, d.l. collector number: 7290 Oahu BISH 8/2/1927
7 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby peter lee rd., near halfway house PRESERVED_SPECIMEN baldwin, p.h. collector number: fagerlund 844 Hawaii BISH 9/13/1943
8 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby koele PRESERVED_SPECIMEN munro, g.c. collector number: 169 Lanai BISH 10/19/1913
9 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby kaholuauauo, kauai PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 13022 Kauai BISH 10/1/1916
10 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby just above waimano homes, inside gate along jeep trail PRESERVED_SPECIMEN corn, c. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 2/10/1978
11 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby east maui PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hobdy, r.w. collector number: 2602 Maui BISH 7/14/1986
12 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Kaaawa Kamokunui Ridge Mokuleia Dist., Oahu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Grant, M.L. 7000 Oahu BISH 6/1/1934
13 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby east maui, about 1 mile e of ulupalakua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 816 Maui BISH 12/23/1967
14 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby puuwaawaa; cattle paddock, near the se corner of the 1986 burn Rangeland. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN takeuchi, w.n. collector number: 5784 Hawaii BISH 5/1/1989
15 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby koolau range, wailupe, kului, frequent along stream PRESERVED_SPECIMEN egler, f.e. collector number: 37-69 Oahu BISH 6/23/1937
16 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Kamokunui Gulch, Mokuleia, Oahu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. s.n. Oahu BISH 4/13/1936
17 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby puuwaawaa; cattle paddock near the se corner of the 1986 burn PRESERVED_SPECIMEN takeuchi, w.n. collector number: 5784 Hawaii BISH 5/1/1989
18 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby just above waimano homes, inside gate along jeep trail PRESERVED_SPECIMEN corn, c. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH
19 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Koolau Range, Wailupe, Kului, frequent along stream PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Egler, F.E. 37-69 Oahu BISH 6/23/1937
20 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Mountains E end PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 277.L Lanai BISH 6/1/1913
21 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Kona PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 5025 Hawaii BISH 9/17/1974
22 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Kau District, Ainapo Ranch Near old ranch house. Eucalyptus and Solanum sodomeum also common in area. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Davis, J. Collector Number: 559 Hawaii BISH 7/1/1981
23 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Koele PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Munro, G.C. 393 Lanai BISH 9/11/1928
24 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby kau district, ainapo ranch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. spence, g. collector number: 5025 Hawaii BISH 9/17/1974
25 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Hualalai (Olma Tract, Kaloka Mauka) Ohia-fern mesic forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Engilis Jr., A. 20 Hawaii BISH 8/17/1987
26 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Kau district, Ainapo Ranch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 5025 Hawaii BISH 9/17/1974
27 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby koele PRESERVED_SPECIMEN munro, g.c. collector number: 317 Lanai BISH 10/19/1913
28 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby mountains e end PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 277.l Molokai BISH 6/1/1913
29 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby hanapepe river valley, hanapepe foor of canyon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. fosberg, f.r. collector number: 13510 Kauai BISH 12/23/1933
30 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby East Maui, about 1 mile E of Ulupalakua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 816 Maui BISH 12/23/1967
31 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby kamokunui gulch, mokuleia, oahu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. Oahu BISH 4/13/1936
32 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Iao Valley, Maui, T. Hawaii PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Topping, D.L. 7290 Maui BISH 8/2/1927
33 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Peter Lee Rd., near Halfway House PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Baldwin, P.H. Fagerlund 844 Hawaii BISH 9/13/1943
34 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby kalihi valley, oahu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 12857 Oahu BISH 8/8/1917
35 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby kona coast, kaumalumalu Found as roadside vegetation on road. In an open exposure in association with Setaria, Desmodium, Melinis, Paspalum and Andropogon. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 1654 Hawaii BISH 7/4/1970
36 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Kona Coast, Kaumalumalu with Metrosideros, Psychotria, Cibotium, Ilex, Perrottetia, Clermontia, Pipturus, Coprosma rhynchocarpa, Gouldia hillebrandii, Pittosporum, Cyrtandra, Rubus, Freycinetia, Cocculus, Smilax PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 1654 Hawaii BISH 7/4/1970
37 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby maui PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 1106m Maui BISH 8/10/1919
38 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Kau District: Manuka, Mauka PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 11294 Hawaii BISH 12/24/1931
39 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby East Maui PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 2602 Maui BISH 7/14/1986
40 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Kau District, Ainapo Ranch Near old ranch house. Eucalyptus and Solanum sodomeum also common in area. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Davis, J. 559 Hawaii BISH 7/1/1981
41 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Koolau Rnage, Waialae Nui ridge, about 12 plants in grassland, just above "haole koa zone." PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Egler, F.E. 37-25 Oahu BISH 5/26/1937
42 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Puuwaawaa; cattle paddock near the SE corner of the 1986 burn PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Takeuchi, W.N. 5784 Hawaii BISH 5/1/1989
43 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby puuhonua o honaunau national park PRESERVED_SPECIMEN higashino, p.k. stemmermann, r.l.; allen, m.s. collector number: 10227 Hawaii BISH 4/7/1984
44 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Just above Waimano Homes, inside gate along jeep trail PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Corn, C. s.n. Oahu BISH 2/10/1978
45 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby kailua, wayside PRESERVED_SPECIMEN christophersen, e. Oahu BISH 6/20/1924
46 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby east maui, hana district, haleakala, kaupo gap, upper end of pasture land, moderately dry mod. dry situations at upper end of pasture land. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN olson, g.e. collector number: 24 Maui BISH 12/9/1936
47 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby n kona, puuwawwawaa, along huehue pipe line trail, between water tanks 1-3 PRESERVED_SPECIMEN kondo, y. collector number: 111.5 Hawaii BISH 7/24/1946
48 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Kailua, Wayside PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Christophersen, E. s.n. Oahu BISH 6/20/1924
49 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby lawai valley. pacific tropical botanical garden. acc. #840670003 In full sun. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN flynn, t. collector number: 3112 Oahu BISH 8/29/1988
50 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Koolau Range, Wiliwilinui Ridge, Koko Head, found mountainwrad of "koa haole zone." PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Egler, F.E. 37-28 Oahu BISH 6/15/1937
51 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby kau district, ainapo ranch Near old ranch house. Eucalyptus and Solanum sodomeum also common in area. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN davis, j. collector number: 559 Hawaii BISH 7/1/1981
52 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby kapua, ohia forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN adee, k.t. collector number: s.n. Hawaii BISH
53 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Kipu Point, above Keawanui Bay (N. Molokai), home garden. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN David H. Lorence 5479 Molokai PTBG 8/3/1987
54 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby koele PRESERVED_SPECIMEN munro, g.c. collector number: 393 Lanai BISH 9/11/1928
55 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Kapua, Ohia Forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Adee, K.T. s.n. Hawaii BISH
56 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby hanalei-kalihika ridge. power line trail on slope PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. hosaka, e.y.; hume, e.; inafuku, r.; lindsay, j.c.; masuhara, r.; mitchell, d.d.; wong; w. collector number: 10971 Kauai BISH 1/2/1931
57 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby puna, kupaahu On wave-beaten rock protruding a few feet from ocean PRESERVED_SPECIMEN stone, b.c. collector number: 3015 Oahu BISH 7/2/1959
58 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Just above Waimano Homes, inside gate along jeep trail PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Corn, C. Collector Number: s.n. Oahu BISH
59 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Hanapepe River Valley, Hanapepe foor of canyon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 13510 Kauai BISH 12/23/1933
60 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Hanalei-Kalihika Ridge. Power Line Trail on slope PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 10971 Kauai BISH 1/2/1931
61 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby N Kona, Puuwawwawaa, along Huehue pipe line trail, between water tanks 1-3 PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Kondo, Y. 111.5 Hawaii BISH 7/24/1946
62 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby kau district: manuka, mauka Vegetation mixed mesic forest (moist). Growing in deep shade. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. hashimoto, e.y.; hosaka, e.y.; lindsay, j.c.; mitchell, d.d. collector number: 11294 Oahu BISH 12/24/1931
63 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Roadside weed in the vicinity of Piiholo water treatment facility. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H70051 Maui PTBG 7/5/2000
64 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby kipu point, above keawanui bay (n molokai) PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. h. lorence, w. l. wagner, s. p. perlman & s. montgomery 5479 Kauai US 8/3/1987
65 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby kona, holualoa rd near holualoa town. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst & g. spence 5025 Hawaii US 9/17/1974
66 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby kalihi valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. s. hitchcock 14109 Oahu US 8/2/1916
67 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Kona, Holualoa Rd near Holualoa town. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D. R.; Spence, G. 5025 Hawaii US 9/17/1974
68 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Kipu Point, above Keawanui Bay (N Molokai) PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lorence, D. H.; Wagner, W. L.; Perlman, S. P.; Montgomery, S. 5479 Molokai US 8/3/1987
69 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby koolau rnage, waialae nui ridge, about 12 plants in grassland, just above "haole koa zone." PRESERVED_SPECIMEN egler, f.e. collector number: 37-25 Oahu BISH 5/26/1937
70 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Kalihi valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hitchcock, A. S. 14109 Oahu US 8/2/2016
71 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Kealakekua Ranch near Honaunau Forest. Disturbed Metrosideros forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN L. W. Cuddihy 302 Hawaii PTBG 4/2/1980
72 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Just above Waimano Homes, inside gate along jeep trail PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Corn, C. s.n. Oahu BISH
73 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Puna, Kupaahu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Stone, B.C. 3015 Hawaii BISH 7/2/1959
74 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Lawai Valley. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden. Acc. #840670003 PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Flynn, T. 3112 Kauai BISH 8/29/1988
75 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby East Maui, Hana District, Haleakala, Kaupo Gap, upper end of pasture land, moderately dry mod. dry situations at upper end of pasture land. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Olson, G.E. 24 Maui BISH 12/9/1936
76 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Kaholuauauo, Kauai PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 13022 Kauai BISH 10/1/1916
77 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Puuhonua o Honaunau National Park PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Higashino, P.K. 10227 Hawaii BISH 4/7/1984
78 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Koele PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Munro, G.C. 317 Lanai BISH 10/19/1913
79 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Puuwaawaa; cattle paddock, near the SE corner of the 1986 burn Rangeland. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Takeuchi, W.N. 5784 Hawaii BISH 5/1/1989
80 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby oahu Rare. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lanai BISH
81 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Koele PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Munro, G.C. 169 Lanai BISH 10/19/1913
82 Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Maui PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 1106M Maui BISH 8/10/1919
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